Web application technologies like PHP, CGI, Javascript, and Ajax have made it much easier for people to construct and deploy services on the Internet. Unfortunately, this has opened a wide avenue for new attacks since it is as easy to unintentionally introduce new vulnerabilities into web applications as it is to intentionally introduce new functionality. Consequently, web applications have increasingly been the focus of attackers.
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It isn’t correct to compare Java to PHP. Since PHP is a server-side scripting language whereas Java is a general-purpose language. In other words, PHP is only used as a server-side language where Java is both for server-side and desktop programming language. Moreover, Java is compiled and strongly-typed language. On other hand, PHP is a dynamic typed language. Hence, only for server-side programming, the comparison between Java and PHP makes sense.
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In 1991, a group of Sun Microsystems engineers led by James Gosling decided to develop a language for consumer devices (cable boxes, etc.). They wanted the language to be small and use efficient code since these devices do not have powerful CPUs. They also wanted the language to be hardware independent since different manufacturers would use different CPUs. The project was code-named Green.
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The SNMP protocol was introduced in 1988. Overtime security had been added (1991-1992). Also several version improved versions have been published (SNMPv2[1] and SNMPv3[4]) The goal is to allow automation of network management by establishing a standard protocol supported by all network devices for configuration and monitoring.

Using SNMP enabled devices network administrators can automate the tedious and error prone task of changing the configuration of the network by using an administration interface which in turn will automatically re-configure each device on the network using SNMP. By having a unified protocol a single administration application can manage an entire network of heterogeneous devices.
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In the late 1990’s many ERP companies caught the web browser wave, undertaking projects to leverage the Internet and browser technology and even to convert their software to “lite-client” or web “portal” architectures. Unfortunately for some, .NET came on the scene too soon after this major overhaul. When .NET appeared, some were too technically exhausted, or inflexible, or still basking in the glow of their new “Internet-based architectures” to recognize and embrace .NET. Other ERP software companies were and continue to be simply too busy struggling to stay solvent during the devastating one-two-three punch of Y2K, the recession of 2000, and 9/11. They lack the resources to consider the complete restructuring of their products that .NET warrants.
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This paper presents the design and implementation of DOT, a flexible architecture for data transfer. This architecture separates content negotiation from the data transfer itself. Applications determine what data they need to send and then use a new transfer service to send it. This transfer service acts as a common interface between applications and the lower-level network layers, facilitating innovation both above and below. The transfer service frees developers from re-inventing transfer mechanisms in each new application. New transfer mechanisms, in turn, can be easily deployed without modifying existing applications.
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DOT NET is one of the key products that enable application development under the new vision. However, DOT NET is not quite backward compatible with prior versions like visual basic version 6. This makes migration a serious issue. Converting existing source code to DOT NET architecture is not just a matter of loading it to the new version. DOT NET has its built-in migration tool, which performs the vital task of converting the source code syntax. But that’s just half of the work done. But before the converted code is actually compiled, the developer needs to enable it to smoothly fix lot of issues to fit into DOT NET architecture. In present efforts to find out solutions to these migration issues, a re-engineering Migration Model for Legacy Source Code (MMLC) has been proposed in this study. Proposed model has been further validated using a in-house project at one of the leading software development organisation. It is envisaged from the experimental try-out that the model would help the developer community to easily convert their legacy source code to DOT NET framework.
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Virtual Observatory (VO) is a collection of interoperating data archives and software tools. Taking advantages of the latest information technologies, it aims to provide a data-intensively online research environment for astronomers all around the world. A large number of high-qualified astronomical software packages and libraries are powerful and easy of use, and have been widely used by astronomers for many years. Integrating those toolkits into the VO system is a necessary and important task for the VO developers.
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