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Ontology Maturing: a Collaborative Web 2.0 Approach to Ontology EngineeringMost of the current methodologies for building ontologies rely on specialized knowledge engineers. This is in contrast to real-world settings, where the need for maintenance of domain specific ontologies emerges in the daily work of users. But in order to allow for participatory ontology engineering, we need to have a more realistic conceptual model of how ontologies develop in the real world. We introduce the ontology maturing processes which is based on the insight that ontology engineering is a collaborative informal learning process and for which we analyze characteristic evolution steps and triggers that have users engage in ontology engineering within their everyday work processes.
This model integrates tagging and folksonomies with formal ontologies and shows maturing pathways between them. As implementations of this model, we present two case studies and the corresponding tools. The first is about image-based ontology engineering (introducing so-called imagenotions), the second about ontology-enabled social bookmarking (SOBOLEO). Both of them are inspired by lightweight Web 2.0 approaches and allow for realtime collaboration.
Within state-of-the-art semantic approaches, ontologies have emerged as the key to enable more advanced technological support for end users and their work processes, which particularly applies to knowledge work. However, current research and development concentrates more on what we can do as soon as we have ontologies—rather than having a closer look at the processes of creating and especially maintaining such domain-specific ontologies. In real-world settings these issues are crucial to fulfill the users’ needs and currently insufficiently dealt with.
It is usually acknowledged that ontologies areOpenOffice.org 1.0, ODBC, and MySQL How-toThe launch of OpenOffice.org 1.0 in 2002 removed at a stroke one major obstacle to the universal use of Linux on the desktop. At last, Linux users have office software - word processor, spreadsheet, graphics, and presentation - which not only works at least as well as the Microsoft Office equivalent, but can also use Microsoft Office file formats, and is genuinely open source.
However, this hasn't prevented objections from Microsoft diehards that they still can't migrate to Linux, because "Linux hasn't anything like Microsoft Access". Well, have I got news for you. It has, and it's called OpenOffice.org 1.0. One of the hidden secrets of OpenOffice.org 1.0 is that it also has a great user-friendly database front end. All you need to do is wire it up to one of the many open-source databases on Linux, and you have a Microsoft Access (and more) equivalent.
This document explains how to make this connection, and then provides a quick tour of the database tools within OpenOffice.org 1.0. Many hardened OpenOffice.org 1.0 users are completely unaware of what is hiding under the covers, and are amazed once they start playing with the 'hidden' tools.
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Download pdf AnyDATA.NET USB Modem ManualSEO in the Web 2.0 Era: The Evolution of Search Engine OptimizationTo those of us whose passion for the growth of the World Wide Web is exceeded only by the marketing possibilities that emerge from that growth, the Internet has become a playground for the imagination. There is a large number of marketers, however, who are fascinated by the Web but approach its marketing capabilities more out of necessity than lifestyle. The Internet’s capacity has advanced in so many areas in the past few years that marketers playing catch-up are at a significant disadvantage. Marketing directors and account managers with traditional media backgrounds need to expand their breadth of knowledge in order to make informed decisions in today’s e-commerce.
This article provides clarification surrounding the fairly recent buzzword “Web 2.0” and focuses on the evolution and future of the search engine born occupation of Search Engine Optimization (SEO). SEO and its implications are expanding so fast and in so many directions that it has never been more important for C level professionals and traditionally oriented marketers to fully understand the world of Internet search.
II. Search Engines: A Brief History
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