Python was created by Guido van Rossum in 1990 to solve problems in the development of the Amoeba operating system. It is named after the British television show Monty Python’s Flying Circus. The use of Python has grown steadily over 1990’s to its current state where it is used in a variety of applications and environments.
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Many developers have learned to use PHP over the years because it’s a good solution for creat- ing Web pages and the price is right. The PHP acronym is like many other new acronyms for the Internet—the acronym is recursive (refers back to itself). PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Processor. This general-purpose HTML scripting language works much like ASP (see Chapter 6) or other page description languages you might have used. Essentially, you mix HTML with scripting information. When the PHP process sees HTML, it sends the text directly to the user. It processes any scripting information, and passes the resulting HTML to the user as well.
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The center for Data-intensive Systems (Daisy) at Aalborg University is currently working on a large project in which they combine the two worlds of Web 2.0 and Location-based services.

The project known as the StreamSpin-project currently employs numerous developers. Furthermore it is planned that students will have the opportunity to develop their own services for the system during the coming semesters in order to mature the system and its service deliveries.
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Web 2.0 has initiated a new age of Web interaction. Countless everyday activities such as seeking information, shopping, filling in forms and making appointments can be done effectively and often more cheaply on the Web. However many of the new community sites, and other Web 2.0 sites, do not promote accessibility in terms of inclusivity. They are built for, and are of most benefit to, young socially integrated people who own their own laptop and live in a world of readily available radio LAN and fast access broadband. However many older or disabled people are living on low budgets and do not have access to such things. Those for whom the Web is inaccessible for whatever reason will become increasingly excluded from mainstream life if it is not made accessible to them.
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We have seen Web 2.0 technologies used to create new web GIS applications. In this paper Eamon Walsh, Chief Technology Officer for eSpatial examines technologies progressing the industry from the first Web 2.0 GIS applications.
Key new capabilities include:
• Annotating and updating spatial data rather than just viewing and searching, using “pure web” technologies rather than desktop GIS tools.
• Data input from other consumer devices, such as cell phones.
• Working with organizations’ own data (including large databases) rather than just points of interest on standard maps.
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Data visualisation has been defined as: The set of techniques used to turn a set of data into visual insight. It aims to give the data a meaningful representation by exploiting the powerful discerning capabilities of the human eye. Part 1 of this briefing paper will highlight some examples of new collaborative web services using Web 2.0 technologies which venture into the numeric data visualisation arena. These mashups allow researchers to upload and analyse their own data in ‘open’ and dynamic environments. Broadly speaking the numeric data being referred to could be micro-data (data about the individual), macro-data or country-level data, derived or summary data.
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Web 2.0 is the novel term coined for new generation Web applications. start.com, Google maps, Writely and MySpace.com are a few examples. The shifting technological landscape is the driving force behind these Web 2.0 applications. On the one hand are Web services that are empowering server-side core technology components and on the other hand are AJAX and Rich Internet Application (RIA) clients that are enhancing client-end interfaces in the browser itself. XML is making a significant impact at both presentation and transport (HTTP/HTTPS) layers. To some extent XML is replacing HTML at the presentation layer while SOAP is becoming the XML-based transport mechanism of choice.
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Many developers have learned to use PHP over the years because it’s a good solution for creating Web pages and the price is right. The PHP acronym is like many other new acronyms for the Internet—the acronym is recursive (refers back to itself). PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Processor. This general-purpose HTML scripting language works much like ASP (see Chapter 6) or other page description languages you might have used. Essentially, you mix HTML with scripting information. When the PHP process sees HTML, it sends the text directly to the user. It processes any scripting information, and passes the resulting HTML to the user as well.
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