A number of new geospatial viewing tools from major players in the Internet industry have recently appeared on the scene and are taking the geospatial world by storm. Google,Yahoo, Microsoft, and Amazon have all released web-based mapping tools in the recent past, and collectively these new players to the industry have raised the bar for Internet mapping. Although their functional capabilities don’t provide anything we haven’t seen in web offerings from traditional GIS vendors, their emergence has been significant in that they have managed to capture a wider audience. Google, in particular, has emerged as the leader of this pack with it’s recently released Google Maps product which provides a slick, highly responsive visual interface built using AJAX technologies along with detailed street and aerial imagery data, and an open API allowing customization of the map output including the ability to add application specific data to the map.
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Sensors are everywhere, which includes space, air and ground. Earth phenomena such as disasters also occur everywhere; such as wildfires, floods and volcanoes. There is a need to rapidly deploy existing sensors to aid emergency workers and investigators. The vision for our effort is to provide users the capability to create “mash ups” (a web application that combines data from more than one source into an integrated experience), similar to that used by Google Earth users to create a composite map with overlays of sensor information and from other data sources such as weather, traffic, urban construction etc. We make use of Web 2.0 technology and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) web service standards to enable access to Earth’s sensors is an emerging mega-trend which will lower the cost of producing customized science by an order of magnitude. This paper will outline the key aspects of our experiments to date and implications for the future and in particular the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) international effort.
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Modern Geographical Information Systems (GIS) [1] provide a service-oriented architecture for interacting with geographical data sets and related maps. Web-based GIS systems are architected around the same principles as more general Web service systems based on SOAP [2], WSDL [3], and REST. Mirroring the World Wide Web Consortium and OASIS Web service standards-making bodies, the Open Geospatial Consortium [5] defines open standards for messages, XML data formats, and access protocols that are specific to the GIS community. In addition to OGC-based services, there are many companies (such as ESRI and AutoDesk) that provide proprietary, commercial solutions. Services from these various providers are not normally interoperable.
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