In October of 1976 I observed that a certain algorithm – parallel reduction – was associated with monoids: collections of elements with an associative operation. That observation led me to believe that it is possible to associate every useful algorithm with a mathematical theory and that such association allows for both widest possible use and meaningful taxonomy. As mathematicians learned to lift theorems into their most general settings, so I wanted to lift algorithms and data structures. One seldom needs to know the exact type of data on which an algorithm works since most algorithms work on many similar types. In order to write an algorithm one needs only to know the properties of operations on data. I call a collection of types with similar properties on which an algorithm makes sense the underlying concept of the algorithm. Also, in order to pick an efficient algorithm one needs to know the complexity of these operations. In other words, complexity is an essential part of the interface to a concept.
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Seasoned Microsoft Office users may be familiar with both templates and styles; in Office, they’re a key to increased productivity. However, many Office users never touch them. In OOo, styles and templates are even more important than in Office, and wise users will become familiar with both the concepts and the details of using them.
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As the desire to deliver rich web content and functionality has increased over the last decade, Rich Internet Application (RIA) technologies have become increasingly powerful. Unfortunately, many of these technologies have been out of reach for many client application developers because of the non-trivial learning curve involved. In addition, with the number of RIA technologies available, where do you even begin? In many cases, there was not a “one size fits all” solution, so RIA development would involve a mix of HTML, JavaScript, Adobe Flash, and perhaps a little AJAX thrown in (just to name a few possibilities).
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Stellar Phoenix Photo Recovery v3.0 recovers lost or deleted digital pictures and media files from hard drives and any removable media. This photo recovery software works with any type of digital card reader or external storage media that appears as a drive letter in your local PC. The program displays all the graphic or image files and media files that it finds and allows you to recover all of them. It also provides preview for both image and media file(s).
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You are on your way to ensure that you produce the clearest photographs possible. Read this guide carefully before you start cleaning your digital SLR image sensor.This guide will help you clean your sensor safely and effectively.
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The JavaFX Script programming language lets you create modern looking applications with sophisticated graphical user interfaces. It was designed from the ground up to make GUI programming easy; its declarative syntax, data binding model, animation support, and built-in visual effects let you accomplish more work with less code, resulting in shorter development cycles and increased productivity.
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Early AI research emphasized the optimization of search algorithms. This approach made a lot of sense because many AI tasks can be solved by effectively by defining state spaces and using search algorithms to define and explore search trees in this state space. Search programs were frequently made tractable by using heuristics to limit areas of search in these search trees. This use of heuristics converts intractable problems to solvable problems by compromising the quality of solutions; this trade off of less computational complexity for less than optimal solutions has become a standard design pattern for AI programming. We will see in this chapter that we trade off memory for faster computation time and better results; often, by storing extra data we can make search time faster, and make future searches in the same search space even more efficient.
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The Java 2D™ API enhances the graphics, text, and imaging capabilities of the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), enabling the development of richer user interfaces and new types of Java™ applications. Along with these richer graphics, font, and image APIs, the Java 2D API supports enhanced color definition and composition, hit detection on arbitrary geometric shapes and text, and a uniform rendering model for printers and display devices. The Java 2D API also enables the creation of advanced graphics libraries, such as CAD-CAM libraries and graphics or imaging special effects libraries, as well as the creation of image and graphic file read/write filters.
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