Niklaus Wirth of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology {ETH] waspresented the 1984 ACM A. M. Ihring Award at the Association’s Annual Conference in San Francisco in October in recognition of his outstanding work in developing a sequence of innovative computer languages: Euler’ ALGOL-W, Modula, and Pascal. Pascal, in particular, has become significant pedagogically and has established a foundation for future research in the areas of computer language, systems, and architecture. The hallmarks of a Wirth language are its simplicity, economy of design, and high-quality engineering, which result in a language whose notation appears to be a natural extension of algorithmic thinking rather than an extraneous formalism.
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YouTube, Podcasting, Blogs, Wikis and RSS are buzz words currently associated with the term Web 2.0 and represent a shifting pedagogical paradigm for the use of a new set of tools within education. The implication here is a possible shift from the basic archetypical vehicles used for (e)learning today (lecture notes, printed material, PowerPoint, websites, animation) towards a ubiquitous user-centric, user-content generated and user- guided experience. It is not sufficient to use online learning and teaching technologies simply for the delivery of content to students. A new “Learning Ecology” is present where these Web 2.0 technologies can be explored for collaborative and (co)creative purposes as well as for the critical assessment, evaluation and personalization of information.
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The digital age has vastly expanded people’s access to all sorts of information and resources, including educational materials. The Internet has also fostered a new culture of sharing, one in which content is freely contributed and distributed with few restrictions. Indeed, the latest evolution of the Internet, Web 2.0, is creating a new kind of participatory medium that is ideal for encouraging multiple types of learning.
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The fact that you are reading this handbook probably means that you are experienced in e-Learning implementation at a university or similar institution. You will probably be aware of the tools and styles of working on LMS, and will be used to communicating whilst working and learning online. But at the same time, by surfing the net and probably by observing your students, you will clearly see that changes are coming. Freely available new technologies, common access to the Internet and to information, new types of social interactions mediated by technology; all of these things require a shift in the way that we learn and teach. e-Learning using new technologies is an innovative learning method.
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The digital age has vastly expanded people’s access to all sorts of information and resources, including educational materials. The Internet has also fostered a new culture of sharing, one in which content is freely contributed and distributed with few restrictions. Indeed, the latest evolution of the Internet, Web 2.0, is creating a new kind of participatory medium that is ideal for encouraging multiple types of learning. Web 2.0 has blurred the line between producers and consumers of content and has shifted attention from access to information toward access to other people. New kinds of online resources — social-networking sites, blogs, wikis, and virtual communities — have allowed people with common interests to meet, share ideas, and collaborate in innovative ways.
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Why Educators May Be Tempted to Say No to Web 2.0
In the face of the rapid changes on the Internet and the increased risks they bring, many schools, especially in the K-12 grades, have taken polar approaches to managing Web 2.0 within their schools. Some have opened the doors to these new opportunities, believing that their students and faculty should embrace these innovative applications in an effort to expand learning through online collaboration and sharing, while others have been quick to shut the door due to the potential costs and risks they may pose to younger students. In K-12 grades, the consensus seems to be to block these sites in order to protect students and their privacy from child predators and the potentially objectionable content that these real-time, dynamic sites may host.
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The concept of “Web 2.0” was born in the first Web 2.0 Conference organized by O’Reilly and MediaLive International in 2004. The concept was further elaborated in the article “ What is Web 2.0 Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software” published by Tim O’Reilly in 2005. Generally, Web 2.0 denotes the paradigm of employing the Web as the platform to deliver and use software. Nevertheless, what user experiences, design patterns and technologies Web 2.0 actually encompasses are not concretely bound and they keep evolving. As described in Wikipedia, “Given the lack of set standards as to what ‘Web 2.0’ actually means, implies, or requires, the term can mean radically different things to different people.”
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1. E-Society and knowledge uptake in the public health sector
Generally, the health sector is one of the most knowledge-intensive sectors among all of the public service areas. Thus in this sector, the statement that “technology is the highest contributor of productivity growth” is more valid and more timely than in other publicly financed territories.
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