This short history identifies 32 major classes of software methods that have emerged over the last 50 years. There are many variations of each major class of software method, which renders the number of software methods in the hundreds. This short history contains a brief synopsis of each of the 32 major classes of software methods, identifying the decade and year they appeared, their purpose, their major tenets, their strengths, and their weaknesses. The year each software method appeared corresponds to the seminal work that introduced the method based on extensive bibliographic research and the strengths and weaknesses were based on scholarly and empirical works to provide an objective capstone for each method.
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The Measuroscope is used to measure the lateral distance between two features on a substrate. The system uses video edge detection to reduce operator error by removing judgment inconsistencies. Resolution depends on magnification of objective and type of detection selected. Minimum resolution is 100 nm for 100x objective and video edge detection.
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Most 17” wheels will clear the outer diameter of the caliper. Wheel weights mounted on the inside of the wheel may need to be repositioned. The more critical clearance is the spokes of the wheel to the outer face of the caliper. Do not assume an 18, 19 or even 20 inch wheel will clear the outer face of the caliper. A minimum distance of 60.81mm, measured from the outer rotor face to the inside face of the wheel spokes. This is the net metal-to-metal measurement. We recommend at least 2mm additional clearance to clear the ST-40 caliper on our big brake kits. Please refer to the Wheel Fitment section of our website to confirm any wheel fitment issues.
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The only oil recommended, for Volvo manufactured transmissions is that whiari has quality GL-1. The teeth in the Volvo transmissions are so dimensioned that there is nojneed for any additives of sulphur or phosphor. The judgement being therefore that there is hardly any advantage in uajng these additives. For this reasDTiGL-4 and GL-5 oils are not recommended for Volvo manufactured transmissions. The seals in the Volvo transmissions are of a very high quality and normally withstand GL-5 oils. Also the steel/ molybdenum synchromesh does not appear to be par- ticularly sensitive to this oil.
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This owner’s manual explains the basic instructions of this DVD video player. Some DVD video discs are produced in a manner that allows specific or limited operation during playback. As such, the DVD video player may not respond to all operating commands. This is not a defect in the DVD video player. Refer to instruction notes of discs.

“ ” may appear on the TV screen during operation. A “ ” means that the operation is not permitted by the DVD video player or the disc.
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Dynamic Parenting refers to a situation where the inheritance of an object’s transform channels can be turned on and off, either by keyframes or other means, during the course of an animation. Commonly this is used to allow an animated character to pick up and put down objects. It is also very useful when controlling the binding and interaction of two molecular structures in a scientific animation. In Maya, the easiest way to achieve dynamic parenting is through the use of constraints.
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In this tutorial, we’ll explore different methods for modeling, rigging, and animating DNA. There are many ways to approach this macromolecule in Maya and each has its merits depending on what the model will be used for in your scene. We’ll start with a simple ‘plank’ DNA model that is roughly based on what is known about the molecule’s proportions, and then look at different ways to deform it. Next we’ll import a PDB coordinate set for B-DNA and experiment with different representations using particles. These first two methods assume that the helix does not need to unwind and melt. Finally, we’ll go over a programmatic approach to building DNA using PDB data for a single base pair – this method will allow us to twist and unzip the double helix.
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A stemming algorithm is a technique used in Information Retrieval (IR) and some other applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP), which removes suffixes from a word in order to obtain a stem or base form which could be easily matched in databases or documents (Jurafsky 2000). Its use is based on the premise that two words with the same stem have very close semantic content. The several possible variations of the derivatives, inflected forms, gender and number changes, and other phenomena, make the grouping of all the variants under a common stem advisable. Applications that do not take these effects into account may end up with difficulties when comparing queries and documents, or dispersal effects in word frequency calculations.
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