WEB-. Techniques. , vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 45{52, May 1998. 8] R. T. Fielding and G. Kaiser, \The apache http server project,”. IEEE-Internet-Computing

Web Content Adaptation to Improve Server Overload Behavior Tarek F. Abdelzaher Nina Bhatti Real-Time Computing Laboratory Hewlett Packard Laboratories EECS Department, Univeity of Michigan 1501 Page Mill Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109{2122 Palo Alto, CA 94304 zaher@eecs.umich.edu nina@hpl.hp.com Abstract This paper presents a study of web content adaptation to improve server overload perfor- mance, as well as an implementation of a web content adaptation software prototype. When the request rate on a web server increases beyond server capacity, the server becomes over- loaded and unrespoive. The TCP listen queue of the servers socket overows exhibiting a drop-tail behavior. As a result, clients experience service outages. Since clients typically issue multiple requests over the duration of a session with the server, and since requests are dropped indiscriminately, all clients connecting to the server at overload are likely to experi- ence connection failures, even though there may be enough capacity on the server to deliver all respoes properly for a subset of clients. In this paper, we propose to resolve the overload problem by adapting

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